Philosophy in technology: A research program

Main Article Content

Paweł Polak
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1078-469X

Abstract

Philosophy in technology is a research program that studies the philosophical roots of engineering and technology. Technologists, by virtue of their education, believe that the limits, goals, possibilities, and effects of technology on society and humankind are exclusively technological problems, hence their solutions must lie exclusively in technology. In contrast, philosophy in technology asserts that the resolutions to these problems need to be rooted in an understanding of their philosophical origins. This program paper defines the objectives of philosophy in technology, the kinds of questions it explores, the methods it uses, and how it differs from the philosophy of technology.

Article Details

How to Cite
Polak, P. . (2023). Philosophy in technology: A research program. Philosophical Problems in Science (Zagadnienia Filozoficzne W Nauce), (75), 59–81. https://doi.org/10.59203/zfn.75.682
Section
Articles

References

Arthur, W.B., 2009. The nature of technology: what it is and how it evolves. New York; London: Free Press (Simon & Schuster) & Penguin.

Balle, S., 2022. Theological dimensions of humanlike robots: A roadmap for theological inquiry. Theology and Science, pp.1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/14746700.2022.2155916.

Baudrillard, J., 1994. Simulacra and Simulation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Bolter, J., 1984. Turing’s man: western culture in the computer age. University of North Carolina Press.

Brożek, B., Mączka, J. and Grygiel, W.P., eds., 2011. Philosophy in Science: Methods and Applications. Kraków: Copernicus Center Press; Konsorcjum Akademickie. Wydawnictwo.

Cervantes, J.-A. et al., 2019. Artificial moral agents: A survey of the current status. Science and Engineering Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-019-00151-x.

Cobbe, J., 2021. Algorithmic censorship by social platforms: Power and resistance. Philosophy & Technology, 34(4), pp.739–766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-020-00429-0.

Dias, P., 2019. Philosophy for Engineering: Practice, Context, Ethics, Models, Failure, SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1271-1.

Franssen, M., Lokhorst, G.-J. and van de Poel, I., 2023. Philosophy of Technology. In: E.N. Zalta and U. Nodelman, eds. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Spring 2023. Stanford, CA: Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Available at: <https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/technology/> [visited on 2 October 2023].

Galič, M., Timan, T. and Koops, B.-J., 2017. Bentham, Deleuze and beyond: An overview of surveillance theories from the panopticon to participation. Philosophy & Technology, 30(1), pp.9–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-016-0219-1.

Gordon, J.-S., 2020. Building moral robots: Ethical pitfalls and challenges. Science and Engineering Ethics, 26(1), pp.141–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-019-00084-5.

Heller, M., 2019. How is philosophy in science possible? Philosophical Problems in Science (Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce), (66), pp.231–249. Available at: <https://zfn.edu.pl/index.php/zfn/article/view/482> [visited on 6 October 2021].

Hottois, G., 2023. Technoscience (J.A. Lynch, Trans.). Available at: <https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/technoscience> [visited on 2 October 2023].

Hughes, T.P., 2005. Human-built world: how to think about technology and culture. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Janusz, R., 2006. Relacja etyczno-psychologiczna w ujęciu obiektowym. In: R. Darowski, ed. Philosophiae & musicae: księga pamiątkowa z okazji jubileuszu 75-lecia urodzin księdza profesora Stanisława Ziemiańskiego SJ. Kraków: "Ignatianum" - Wydawnictwo WAM, pp.375–380.

Krzanowski, R., 2021. The road to conscious machines: AI through failed ideas. Philosophical Problems in Science (Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce), (70), pp.171–181. Available at: <https://zfn.edu.pl/index.php/zfn/article/view/556> [visited on 28 December 2021].

Mitcham, C., 1994. Thinking Through Technology The Path Between Engineering And Philosophy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Available at: <http://archive.org/details/ThinkingThroughTechnologyThePathBetweenEngineeringAndPhilosophy> [visited on 13 July 2023].

Olaniran, B. and Williams, I., 2020. Social media effects: Hijacking democracy and civility in civic engagement. Platforms, Protests, and the Challenge of Networked Democracy, pp.77–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36525-7_5.

Ovitt, G., 1987. The Restoration of Perfection: Labor and Technology in Medieval Culture. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

Polak, P., 2019. Philosophy in science: A name with a long intellectual tradition. Philosophical Problems in Science (Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce), (66), pp.251–270. Available at: <https://zfn.edu.pl/index.php/zfn/article/view/472> [visited on 6 October 2021].

Polak, P. and Krzanowski, R., 2020a. Ethics in autonomous robots as philosophy in silico: The study case of phronetic machine ethics. Logos i Ethos, (52), pp.33–48. https://doi.org/10.15633/lie.3576.

Polak, P. and Krzanowski, R., 2020b. Phronetic ethics in social robotics: A new approach to building ethical robots. Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric, 63(1), pp.165–183. https://doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2020-0033.

Polak, P., Mączka, J. and Grygiel, W.P., eds., 2017. Oblicza filozofii w nauce: księga pamiątkowa z okazji 80. urodzin Michała Hellera. Kraków: Copernicus Center Press.

Polak, P. and Rodzeń, J., 2023. The theory of relativity and theology: The neo-thomist science–theology separation vs. Michael Heller’s path to dialogue. Theology and Science, 21(1), pp.157–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/14746700.2022.2155917.

Polak, P. and Trombik, K., 2022. The Kraków School of Philosophy in Science: Profiting from two traditions. Edukacja Filozoficzna, (2(74)), pp.205–229. https://doi.org/10.14394/edufil.2022.0023.

Reveley, J., 2013. Understanding social media use as alienation: A review and critique. E-Learning and Digital Media, 10(1), pp.83–94. https://doi.org/10.2304/elea.2013.10.1.83.

Rodzeń, J., 2016. Religia a technika. In: J. Salamon, ed. Przewodnik po filozofii religii: nurt analityczny, Przewodniki po Filozofii. Kraków: Wydawnictwo WAM, pp.403–419.

Rodzeń, J., 2019. Nauka a technika (technonauka). In: S. Janeczek, M. Walczak and A. Starościc, eds. Metodologia nauk. Cz. 1: Czym jest nauka?, Dydaktyka Filozofii, 9. Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL, pp.655–681.

Russell, B., 1912. The Problems of Philosophy. New York: H. Holt. Available at: <http://archive.org/details/problemsofphilo00russuoft> [visited on 5 January 2023].

Selinger, E. and Rhee, H.J., 2021. Normalizing surveillance. SATS, 22(1), pp.49–74. https://doi.org/10.1515/sats-2021-0002.

Smith, B.C., 2019. The Promise of Artificial Intelligence: Reckoning and Judgment. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Smolnik, M., 2017. A comparative analysis of praxiological networks and selected IDEF models. INNOVATOR. Journal of the European TRIZ Association, 4(2), pp.4–11. Available at: <https://www.etria.eu/innovator/ETRIAjournal2017vol04.pdf> [visited on 9 October 2023].

Smolnik, M., 2018. A praxiological model of creative actions in the field of mechanical engineering. In: S. Koziołek, L. Chechurin and M. Collan, eds. Advances and Impacts of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving: The TRIZ Methodology, Tools and Case Studies. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp.135–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96532-1_13.

Suchacka, M., Muster, R. and Wojewoda, M., 2021. Human and machine creativity: social and ethical aspects of the development of artificial intelligence. Creativity Studies, 14(2), pp.430–443. https://doi.org/10.3846/cs.2021.14316.

Tavani, H.T., 2013. Ethics and Technology: Controversies, Questions, and Strategies for Ethical Computing. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Wieczorek, K.T. and Jędrzejko, P., 2021. The conscience of a machine? Artificial intelligence and the problem of moral responsibility. Er(r)go. Teoria - Literatura - Kultura, (42), pp.15–34. https://doi.org/10.31261/errgo.10418.

Wildman, W.J. and Stockly, K.J., 2021. Spirit Tech: The Brave New World of Consciousness Hacking