Cybernetic analysis of the phenomenon of life
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Published:
Dec 21, 2016
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Abstract
In this paper the life phenomenon is analysed from cybernetic point of view. The Korzeniewski’s approach is discussed and complemented. The analysis is based on autonomous systems theory and information metabolism theory. Philosophical aspects of the problem are taken into consideration as well.
Article Details
How to Cite
Bielecki, A. (2016). Cybernetic analysis of the phenomenon of life. Philosophical Problems in Science (Zagadnienia Filozoficzne W Nauce), (61), 133–164. Retrieved from https://zfn.edu.pl/index.php/zfn/article/view/361
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Section
Proceedings of the PAU Commission on the Philosophy of Science
References
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Ashby, W.R., 1962. Principles of self-organizing system. W: G.W. Zopf i H. Von Foerster, red., Principles of Self-Organization: Transactions of the University of Illinois Symposium. London: Pergamon Press, ss. 255–278.
Ashby, W.R., 1963. Wstęp do cybernetyki. Wyd. 2 wyd. tłum. B. Osuchowska i A. Gosiewski Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Bedau, M.A., 1998. Four puzzles about life. Artificial Life, 4(2), ss. 125–140.
Bedau, M.A., 2011. A functional account of degrees of minimal chemical life. Synthese, 185(1), ss. 73–88.
Bertalanffy, L. von, 1984. Ogólna teoria systemów: podstawy, rozwój, zastosowania. tłum. E. Woydyłło Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Bielecki, A., 2007. Information Metabolism in the Framework of Exact Sciences. W: States of Consciousness, Emotions, Personality, and Psychotherapy. [online] Springer New York, ss. 170–215. Dostępne na: [Ostatni dostęp 3.05.2016].
Bielecki, A., 2015. The general entity of life: a cybernetic approach. Biological Cybernetics, 109(3), ss. 401–419.
Bielecki, A., Buratowski, T. i Śmigielski, P., 2013. Recognition of two-dimensional representation of urban environment for autonomous flying agents. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(9), ss. 3623–3633.
Clancy, P., Brack, A. i Horneck, G., 2005. Looking for life, searching the solar system. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Cleland, C.E., 2011. Life without definitions. Synthese, 185(1), ss. 125–144.
Darwin, C., 1871a. Letter to Hocker. [letter number 7471 in Darwin Correspondence Project database].
Darwin, C., 1871b. The descent of man and, Selection in relation to sex. Vol. 1. [online] London: J. Murray.
Davies, P., 2009. The quantum life. Physics World, 22(7), s. 24.
Davies, P.C.W., 2004. Does quantum mechanics play a non-trivial role in life? Biosystems, 78(1–3), ss. 69–79.
Dose, K., 1988. The Origin of Life: More Questions Than Answers. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 13(4), ss. 348–356.
Dunker, A.K. i Richard W. Kriwacki, 2011. Dobrze funkcjonujący bałagan. Scientific American, (5 (237)), ss. 58–63.
Ereshefsky, M. i Pedroso, M., 2012. Biological individuality: the case of biofilms. Biology & Philosophy, 28(2), ss. 331–349.
Gánti, T., 1975. Organization of chemical reactions into dividing and metabolizing units: the chemotons. BioSystems, 7(1), ss. 15–21.
Gibbs, W.W., 2006. Rajd bez rajdowców. Świat Nauki, (2(175)), ss. 72–79.
Haldane, J.B.S., 1928. The origin of life. Rationalist Annual, 148, ss. 3–10.
Hellerman, L., 2006. Representation of living forms. Biology and Philosophy, 21(4), ss. 537–552.
Kauffman, S.A., 1995. At home in the universe: the search for laws of self-organization and complexity. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kępiński, A., 1970. O biologiczny model w myśleniu psychiatrycznym. Psychiatria Polska, 1(4), ss. 373–378.
Kępiński, A., 1972. Schizofrenia. Warszawa: Państwowy Zakład Wydawnictw Lekarskich.
Kępiński, A., 1974. Melancholia. Warszawa: Państwowy Zakład Wydawnictw Lekarskich.
Kępiński, A., 1977. Lęk. Warszawa: Państwowy Zakład Wydawnictw Lekarskich.
Khakh, B.S. i Burnstock, G., 2010. Podwójne życie ATP. Świat Nauki, (1(221)), ss. 38–45.
Korzeniewski, B., 2001. Cybernetic Formulation of the Definition of Life. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 209(3), ss. 275–286.
Korzeniewski, B., 2005. Confrontation of the Cybernetic Definition of a Living Individual with the Real World. Acta Biotheoretica, 53(1), ss. 1–28.
Korzeniewski, B., 2011. Artificial cybernetic living individuals based on supramolecular-level organization as dispersed individuals. Artificial Life, 17(1), ss. 51–67.
Kuhn, T.S., 1962. The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kuhn, T.S., 1968. Struktura rewolucji naukowych. tłum. H. Ostromęcka Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Lane, N., 2009. Life ascending: the ten great inventions of evolution. New York, London: W.W. Norton and Company.
Lem, S., 1964. Summa technologiae. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie.
Lem, S., 1972. Dialogi. 2. wyd. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie.
Lovelock, J.E., 1979. Gaia: a new look at life on earth. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Luisi, P.L., 1998. About Various Definitions of Life. Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere, 28(4–6), ss. 613–622.
Margulis, L., 1970. Origin of eukaryotic cells: evidence and research implications for a theory of the origin and evolution of microbial, plant, and animal cells on the Precambrian earth. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Mazur, M., 1966. Cybernetyczna teoria układów samodzielnych. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Mazur, M., 1976. Cybernetyka i charakter. Biblioteka Myśli Współczesnej. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
Miller, S.L., 1953. A Production of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions. Science, 117(3046), ss. 528–529.
Muller, H.J., 1955. Life. Science, 121(3132), ss. 1–9.
Muller, H.J., 1966. The Gene Material as the Initiator and the Organizing Basis of Life. The American Naturalist, 100(915), ss. 493–517.
Nurse, P., 2008. Life, logic and information. Nature, 454(7203), ss. 424–426.
Oliver, J.D. i Perry, R.S., 2006. Definitely Life but not Definitively. Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres, 36(5–6), ss. 515–521.
Oparin, A.I., 1953. The origin of life. New York: Dover Phoenix Editions.
Oró, J., 1961. Mechanism of Synthesis of Adenine from Hydrogen Cyanide under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions. Nature, 191, ss. 1193–1194.
Oпарин, А.И., 1924. Происхождение жизни. Москва: Московский рабочий.
Parke, E.C., 2012. What could arsenic bacteria teach us about life? Biology & Philosophy, 28(2), ss. 205–218.
Perez Velazquez, J.L., 2009. Finding simplicity in complexity: general principles of biological and nonbiological organization. Journal of Biological Physics, 35(3), ss. 209–221.
Popper, K.R., 1972. Objective knowledge: an evolutionary approach. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Prigogine, I., 1980. From being to becoming: time and complexity in the physical sciences. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman.
Prigogine, I. i Stengers, I., 1984. Order out of chaos: man’s new dialogue with nature. London: Heinemann.
Rohwer, F. i Barott, K., 2013. Viral information. Biology & Philosophy, 28(2), ss. 283–297.
Rosen, R., 1966. A note on replication in (M,R)-systems. Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 28(2), ss. 149–151.
Rosen, R., 1967. Further comments on replication in (M,R)-systems. Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 29(1), ss. 91–94.
Rosslenbroich, B., 2009. The theory of increasing autonomy in evolution: a proposal for understanding macroevolutionary innovations. Biology & Philosophy, 24(5), ss. 623–644.
Sedlak, W., 1988. Wprowadzenie w bioelektronikę. Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich - Wydawnictwo.
Shannon, C.E., 1949. The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Shapiro, R., 1986. Origins: A Skeptic’s Guide to the Origin of Life on Earth. New York: Summit Books.
Shields, C., 2011. The dialectic of life. Synthese, 185(1), ss. 103–124.
Toyabe, S., Sagawa, T., Ueda, M., Muneyuki, E. i Sano, M., 2010. Experimental demonstration of information-to-energy conversion and validation of the generalized Jarzynski equality. Nature Physics, 6(12), ss. 988–992.
Wächtershäuser, G., 2006. From volcanic origins of chemoautotrophic life to Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 361(1474), ss. 1787–1808.
Ashby, W.R., 1962. Principles of self-organizing system. W: G.W. Zopf i H. Von Foerster, red., Principles of Self-Organization: Transactions of the University of Illinois Symposium. London: Pergamon Press, ss. 255–278.
Ashby, W.R., 1963. Wstęp do cybernetyki. Wyd. 2 wyd. tłum. B. Osuchowska i A. Gosiewski Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Bedau, M.A., 1998. Four puzzles about life. Artificial Life, 4(2), ss. 125–140.
Bedau, M.A., 2011. A functional account of degrees of minimal chemical life. Synthese, 185(1), ss. 73–88.
Bertalanffy, L. von, 1984. Ogólna teoria systemów: podstawy, rozwój, zastosowania. tłum. E. Woydyłło Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Bielecki, A., 2007. Information Metabolism in the Framework of Exact Sciences. W: States of Consciousness, Emotions, Personality, and Psychotherapy. [online] Springer New York, ss. 170–215. Dostępne na:
Bielecki, A., 2015. The general entity of life: a cybernetic approach. Biological Cybernetics, 109(3), ss. 401–419.
Bielecki, A., Buratowski, T. i Śmigielski, P., 2013. Recognition of two-dimensional representation of urban environment for autonomous flying agents. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(9), ss. 3623–3633.
Clancy, P., Brack, A. i Horneck, G., 2005. Looking for life, searching the solar system. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Cleland, C.E., 2011. Life without definitions. Synthese, 185(1), ss. 125–144.
Darwin, C., 1871a. Letter to Hocker. [letter number 7471 in Darwin Correspondence Project database].
Darwin, C., 1871b. The descent of man and, Selection in relation to sex. Vol. 1. [online] London: J. Murray.
Davies, P., 2009. The quantum life. Physics World, 22(7), s. 24.
Davies, P.C.W., 2004. Does quantum mechanics play a non-trivial role in life? Biosystems, 78(1–3), ss. 69–79.
Dose, K., 1988. The Origin of Life: More Questions Than Answers. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 13(4), ss. 348–356.
Dunker, A.K. i Richard W. Kriwacki, 2011. Dobrze funkcjonujący bałagan. Scientific American, (5 (237)), ss. 58–63.
Ereshefsky, M. i Pedroso, M., 2012. Biological individuality: the case of biofilms. Biology & Philosophy, 28(2), ss. 331–349.
Gánti, T., 1975. Organization of chemical reactions into dividing and metabolizing units: the chemotons. BioSystems, 7(1), ss. 15–21.
Gibbs, W.W., 2006. Rajd bez rajdowców. Świat Nauki, (2(175)), ss. 72–79.
Haldane, J.B.S., 1928. The origin of life. Rationalist Annual, 148, ss. 3–10.
Hellerman, L., 2006. Representation of living forms. Biology and Philosophy, 21(4), ss. 537–552.
Kauffman, S.A., 1995. At home in the universe: the search for laws of self-organization and complexity. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kępiński, A., 1970. O biologiczny model w myśleniu psychiatrycznym. Psychiatria Polska, 1(4), ss. 373–378.
Kępiński, A., 1972. Schizofrenia. Warszawa: Państwowy Zakład Wydawnictw Lekarskich.
Kępiński, A., 1974. Melancholia. Warszawa: Państwowy Zakład Wydawnictw Lekarskich.
Kępiński, A., 1977. Lęk. Warszawa: Państwowy Zakład Wydawnictw Lekarskich.
Khakh, B.S. i Burnstock, G., 2010. Podwójne życie ATP. Świat Nauki, (1(221)), ss. 38–45.
Korzeniewski, B., 2001. Cybernetic Formulation of the Definition of Life. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 209(3), ss. 275–286.
Korzeniewski, B., 2005. Confrontation of the Cybernetic Definition of a Living Individual with the Real World. Acta Biotheoretica, 53(1), ss. 1–28.
Korzeniewski, B., 2011. Artificial cybernetic living individuals based on supramolecular-level organization as dispersed individuals. Artificial Life, 17(1), ss. 51–67.
Kuhn, T.S., 1962. The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kuhn, T.S., 1968. Struktura rewolucji naukowych. tłum. H. Ostromęcka Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Lane, N., 2009. Life ascending: the ten great inventions of evolution. New York, London: W.W. Norton and Company.
Lem, S., 1964. Summa technologiae. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie.
Lem, S., 1972. Dialogi. 2. wyd. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie.
Lovelock, J.E., 1979. Gaia: a new look at life on earth. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Luisi, P.L., 1998. About Various Definitions of Life. Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere, 28(4–6), ss. 613–622.
Margulis, L., 1970. Origin of eukaryotic cells: evidence and research implications for a theory of the origin and evolution of microbial, plant, and animal cells on the Precambrian earth. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Mazur, M., 1966. Cybernetyczna teoria układów samodzielnych. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Mazur, M., 1976. Cybernetyka i charakter. Biblioteka Myśli Współczesnej. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
Miller, S.L., 1953. A Production of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions. Science, 117(3046), ss. 528–529.
Muller, H.J., 1955. Life. Science, 121(3132), ss. 1–9.
Muller, H.J., 1966. The Gene Material as the Initiator and the Organizing Basis of Life. The American Naturalist, 100(915), ss. 493–517.
Nurse, P., 2008. Life, logic and information. Nature, 454(7203), ss. 424–426.
Oliver, J.D. i Perry, R.S., 2006. Definitely Life but not Definitively. Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres, 36(5–6), ss. 515–521.
Oparin, A.I., 1953. The origin of life. New York: Dover Phoenix Editions.
Oró, J., 1961. Mechanism of Synthesis of Adenine from Hydrogen Cyanide under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions. Nature, 191, ss. 1193–1194.
Oпарин, А.И., 1924. Происхождение жизни. Москва: Московский рабочий.
Parke, E.C., 2012. What could arsenic bacteria teach us about life? Biology & Philosophy, 28(2), ss. 205–218.
Perez Velazquez, J.L., 2009. Finding simplicity in complexity: general principles of biological and nonbiological organization. Journal of Biological Physics, 35(3), ss. 209–221.
Popper, K.R., 1972. Objective knowledge: an evolutionary approach. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Prigogine, I., 1980. From being to becoming: time and complexity in the physical sciences. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman.
Prigogine, I. i Stengers, I., 1984. Order out of chaos: man’s new dialogue with nature. London: Heinemann.
Rohwer, F. i Barott, K., 2013. Viral information. Biology & Philosophy, 28(2), ss. 283–297.
Rosen, R., 1966. A note on replication in (M,R)-systems. Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 28(2), ss. 149–151.
Rosen, R., 1967. Further comments on replication in (M,R)-systems. Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 29(1), ss. 91–94.
Rosslenbroich, B., 2009. The theory of increasing autonomy in evolution: a proposal for understanding macroevolutionary innovations. Biology & Philosophy, 24(5), ss. 623–644.
Sedlak, W., 1988. Wprowadzenie w bioelektronikę. Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich - Wydawnictwo.
Shannon, C.E., 1949. The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Shapiro, R., 1986. Origins: A Skeptic’s Guide to the Origin of Life on Earth. New York: Summit Books.
Shields, C., 2011. The dialectic of life. Synthese, 185(1), ss. 103–124.
Toyabe, S., Sagawa, T., Ueda, M., Muneyuki, E. i Sano, M., 2010. Experimental demonstration of information-to-energy conversion and validation of the generalized Jarzynski equality. Nature Physics, 6(12), ss. 988–992.
Wächtershäuser, G., 2006. From volcanic origins of chemoautotrophic life to Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 361(1474), ss. 1787–1808.