On Nonfoundational Reasoning
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Published:
Sep 18, 2014
Keywords:
nonfoundational reasoning foundationalism hermeneutics belief revision coherence defeasible logic
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Abstract
The goal of the paper is to describe the role and structure of nonfoundational reasoning, i.e. a kind of argumentation that meets the revisability, the feedback, the background stability and the disputability conditions. I begin by observing that any nonfoundational reasoning has two components: the deductive and the hermeneutic. Next, against the background of Gadamer’s insightful, although somewhat vague, observations I attempt to uncover aspects of the hermeneutic component. I then proceed to reconstruct nonfoundational argumentation with the help of formal theory of belief revision, defeasible logic, and logical conception of coherence. Finally, I argue that nonfoundational reasoning is the backbone of both scientific endeavours and philosophical inquiry.
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How to Cite
Brożek, B. (2014). On Nonfoundational Reasoning. Philosophical Problems in Science (Zagadnienia Filozoficzne W Nauce), (56), 5–32. Retrieved from https://zfn.edu.pl/index.php/zfn/article/view/25
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References
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van Frassen B., Presupposition, implication and self-reference, „The Journal of Philosophy” 1968, 65(5), pp. 136–152.
Brożek B., Olszewski A., Logika zapętleń, [in:] B. Brożek, J. Mączka, W. Grygiel, M. Hohol (eds.), Oblicza racjonalności, Copernicus Center Press, Kraków 2011.
Brożek B., Philosophy and Neuroscience: Three Modes of Interaction, [in:] J. Stelmach, B. Brożek, Ł. Kurek (eds.), Philosophy in Neuroscience, Copernicus Center Press, Kraków 2013.
Descartes R., Meditations on First Philosophy, transl. by J. Veitch, http://www.wright.edu/~charles.taylor/descartes/mede.html.
Gadamer H.-G., Truth and Method, Continuum, London 2004.
Gardenfors P., Rott H., Belief Revision, [in:] D.M. Gabbay, Ch. Hogger, J.A. Robinson (eds.), Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, vol. IV: Epistemic and Temporal Logic, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1995.
Grondin J., Hans-Georg Gadamer. Biografia, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Wrocław 2007.
Heller M., Nauki przyrodnicze a filozofia przyrody, [in:] M. Heller, Filozofia i wszechświat, Universitas, Kraków 2006.
Heller M., Przeciw fundacjonizmowi, [in:] M. Heller, Filozofia i wszechświat, Universitas, Kraków 2006.
Maryniarczyk A., Tomizm, [in:] Powszechna encyklopedia filozofii, http://www.ptta.pl/pef/.
Neurath O., Philosophical Papers 1913–1946, D. Reidel, Dordrecht 1983.
Piazza M., Neurocognitive Start-Up Tools for Symbolic Number Representations, [in:] S. Dehaene, E. Brannon (eds.), Space, Time and Number in the Brain, Academic Press, London 2011.
Popper K.R., Objective Knowledge, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1972.
Quine W.V.O., From a Logical Point of View, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1980.
Spelke E.S., Natural Number and Natural Geometry, [in:] S. Dehaene, E. Brannon (eds.), Space, Time and Number in the Brain, Academic Press, London 2011.
van Frassen B., Presupposition, implication and self-reference, „The Journal of Philosophy” 1968, 65(5), pp. 136–152.